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Nigeria

Ayo

Ayò Ọlọ́pọ́n

Nigeria

Ayò is the Yoruba member of the Oware/Awale group of sowing games found across West Africa and the Caribbean. It is played on a carved wooden board (ọlọ́pọ́n) with hard ayò seeds, and has an unusually rich body of tactical knowledge for a game with such simple rules.

Players
2
Average time
10–20 min
Difficulty
●●●●○

Variant implemented

Yoruba Ayò Ọlọ́pọ́n, 2×6 pits with 4 seeds each, single-lap anticlockwise sowing, capture on 2 or 3, "feed your opponent" rule enforced.

How to play

Ayò is the Yoruba member of the Oware/Awale group of sowing games found across West Africa and the Caribbean. It is played on a carved wooden board (ọlọ́pọ́n) with hard ayò seeds, and has an unusually rich body of tactical knowledge for a game with such simple rules.

Variant implemented

Yoruba Ayò Ọlọ́pọ́n, 2×6 pits with 4 seeds each, single-lap anticlockwise sowing, capture on 2 or 3, "feed your opponent" rule enforced.

Board and pieces

A carved wooden board ("ọlọ́pọ́n") with two rows of six pits and a store at each end.

Setup

Four seeds in each of the twelve pits — 48 in total.

Turn

Take all seeds from one of your own pits and sow them anticlockwise, one per pit. Sowing does not put seeds in either store. A lap of twelve or more seeds skips the pit it started from, so a pit is never refilled by its own lap.

Capture and scoring

If your last seed lands in a pit on your opponent's side and leaves it holding exactly two or three seeds, you capture that pit. Then work backwards: each preceding enemy pit holding two or three is also captured, until the chain breaks.

Win condition

The player who captures more than half the seeds — 25 or more — has won. The game also ends when a side is empty.

Draw condition

Twenty-four seeds each is a draw, as is a long stretch with no capture.

Special rules

Two rules define the game. Feed your opponent: if your opponent has no seeds you must play a move that gives them one, and if you cannot, the game ends. No grand slam: a move that would capture every seed the opponent owns is played, but the capture does not happen.

Computer opponent

Alpha-beta with an evaluation that combines captured seeds, seeds under control, and a penalty for leaving your own pits holding one or two seeds where they are vulnerable to capture.

Open rooms

See who is waiting to play

Tags: sowing, abstract, two-player, perfect-information, west-africa · Family: mancala