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Chaturanga

चतुरङ्ग

India

Chaturanga — "four limbs", the four divisions of an ancient Indian army — is the game from which chess, shogi and xiangqi all ultimately descend. No complete period rule text survives, so every modern implementation is a reconstruction; ours follows the widely used Murray reconstruction and says so plainly.

Players
2
Average time
15–30 min
Difficulty
●●●●○

Variant implemented

Two-player reconstructed Chaturanga on 8×8: mantri (counsellor) moves one step diagonally, gaja (elephant) leaps exactly two diagonally, no castling, no double pawn step, promotion to mantri only. Bare-king is a win.

How to play

Chaturanga — "four limbs", the four divisions of an ancient Indian army — is the game from which chess, shogi and xiangqi all ultimately descend. No complete period rule text survives, so every modern implementation is a reconstruction; ours follows the widely used Murray reconstruction and says so plainly.

Variant implemented

Two-player reconstructed Chaturanga on 8×8: mantri (counsellor) moves one step diagonally, gaja (elephant) leaps exactly two diagonally, no castling, no double pawn step, promotion to mantri only. Bare-king is a win.

Board and pieces

8×8, 64 squares.

Setup

Back rank: ratha, ashva, gaja, mantri, raja, gaja, ashva, ratha. Eight padati in front.

Turn

Move one piece according to its type.

Capture and scoring

Move onto an enemy piece to take it. A padati captures only diagonally forward.

Win condition

Checkmate the raja, or capture every enemy piece except the raja — the "bare king" win.

Draw condition

No draw by agreement; the move limit ends a game that goes nowhere.

Special rules

The mantri moves one step diagonally. The gaja leaps exactly two squares diagonally, jumping whatever is between. There is no castling, no double pawn step and no en passant. A padati reaching the far rank promotes to mantri and nothing else. Stalemating your opponent is a loss for you — the stalemated player wins.

Computer opponent

Alpha-beta. The evaluation weights material, pawn advancement and central control.

Open rooms

See who is waiting to play

Tags: chess-family, historical, abstract, two-player, perfect-information · Family: chess like